Auditory-Induced Emotion: A Neglected Channel for Communication in Human-Computer Interaction

Interpreting and responding to affective states of a user is crucial for future intelligent systems. Until recently, the role of sound in affective responses has been frequently ignored. This article provides a brief overview of the research targeting affective reactions to everyday, ecological sounds. This research shows that the subjective interpretation and meaning that listeners attribute to sound, the spatial dimension, or the interactions with other sensory modalities, are as important as the physical properties of sound in evoking an affective response. Situation appraisal and individual differences are also discussed as factors influencing the emotional reactions to auditory stimuli. A study with heartbeat sounds exemplifies some of the introduced ideas and research methodologies, and shows the potential of sound in inducing